The flow of the Lower Volga is regulated by the Volgograd hydroelectric complex.įlowing into the Caspian Sea, the Volga forms a vast delta. The vast space between the Volga and Akhtuba up to 40 km wide, crossed by numerous channels and old rivers, forms the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. 21 km above the city of Volgograd, the left branch separates from the Volga - the Akhtuba River, which flows parallel to the main channel. The Lower Volga receives relatively small tributaries - Samara, Bolshoi Irgiz, Eruslan (left) and Tereshka (right). Above the city of Balakovo is the Saratov reservoir. Further, the Volga goes around the Zhiguli mountains, forming an arched bend Samarskaya Luka. Above the city of Tolyatti, the Kuibyshev reservoir was formed. In the lower reaches, after the confluence of the Kama (left tributary), the Volga becomes a mighty river. The largest tributaries of the Middle Volga are the Oka, Sura, Sviyaga (right) and Vetluga (left). Above the city of Cheboksary is the Cheboksary reservoir. It flows along the northern edge of the Volga Upland.
In the middle reaches, the Volga becomes more full-flowing. The main tributaries of the Upper Volga: Tverda, Medveditsa, Mologa, Suda, Kostroma and Unzha (left). Near the city of Gorodets (higher than the city of Nizhny Novgorod), the Gorky reservoir was formed. Then it flows along the Unzha and Balakhna lowlands. In the section Rybinsk - Yaroslavl and below the city of Kostroma, the river flows in a narrow valley among high banks, crossing the Danilov and Galich uplands. Between Tver and the city of Rybinsk, Ivankovskoe (the so-called Moscow Sea), Uglichskoe and Rybinsk reservoirs were created. Below, to the very mouth, the river is completely transformed by hydraulic structures (the largest were built in 1950-60) and is a cascade of hydroelectric power stations with reservoirs. At Tver, the only conditionally natural section of the Volga, about 400 km long, ends. In the upper reaches, within the Valdai Upland, the Volga flows through the small lakes Verkhit, Sterzh, Vselug, Peno and Volgo.Īt the source of Lake Volgo in 1843, a dam was built (Upper Volga Beishlot) to regulate the flow of water and maintain navigable depths in low water. During the first kilometers of its course, the Volga is a stream winding through a wooded and swampy area.
It is customary to divide the Volga into 3 parts: the Upper Volga - from the source to the mouth of the Oka River, the Middle Volga - from the mouth of the Oka to the mouth of the Kama River and the Lower Volga - from the mouth of the Kama to the Caspian Sea. Anuchin established that the Volga flows out of a spring near the village of Volgoverkhovye (Tver Region) at an altitude of 228 m (a wooden frame was built above the well with a key, surrounded by a terrace). At the end of the 19th century, the expedition of D.N. In the past, different rivers were considered its source: Runa, Kud, Zhukopa, flowing into the Volga in the upper reaches. The Volga originates on the Valdai Upland. It stretches from the Valdai and Central Russian Uplands in the west to the Urals in the east for almost 2.3 thousand km. The Volga basin belongs to the endorheic basin of the Caspian Sea and is entirely located within the East European Plain. Length 3530 km (before the construction of reservoirs 3690 km), basin area 1360 thousand km 2 (occupies 65% of the territory of the European part and 8% of the entire territory of Russia). Spas and sanatoriums have been built to take advantage of the medicinal muds found in some of the lakes in the mountains.VOLGA, a river in the European part of Russia, the largest in Europe. Other lakes, too, are found in this region, in its glacial valleys. Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye, the deepest lake in the Polar Urals, is 136 meters (446 ft) deep. Less numerous, the lakes found on the western slope are also smaller. The eastern slope of the Southern and Central Urals, which hosts among its largest lakes the Uvildy, Itkul, Turgoyak, and Tavatuy, is home to most of these. The mountains are home to a number of deep lakes. This is because of low precipitation and relatively warm climate resulting in less snow and more evaporation. Generally, the western rivers have higher flow volume than the eastern ones, especially in the Northern and Nether-Polar regions. The rivers freeze for more than half a year. The rest of the Urals drains into the Arctic Ocean, mainly via the Pechora basin in the west, which includes the Ilych, Shchugor, and Usa, and via the Ob basin in the east, which includes the Tobol, Tavda, Iset, Tura and Severnaya Sosva. The tributaries of the Kama include the Vishera, Chusovaya, and Belaya and originate both in the eastern and western slopes. The Western slope south of the border between the Komi Republic and Perm Krai and Eastern slope south of approximately 54☃0′N drain into the Caspian Sea via the Kama and Ural river basins. Many rivers originate in the Ural Mountains.
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